How Mild Intellectual Disability Is Defined

Editors note: Since this article was originally written, mental retardation as a diagnosis has been replaced with an intellectual or cognitive disability.   Since the term retard made its way into the lexicon of the schoolyard bully, retardation has also become offensive. Retardation did remain as part of the diagnostic vocabulary until the publication of the DSM V. What Is Mild Intellectual Disability (MID), Also Referred to as Mild Mental Retardation? Many of the characteristics of MID correspond to those of Learning Disabilities. The intellectual development will be slow, however, MID students have the potential to learn within the regular classroom given appropriate modifications and/or accommodations. Some MID students will require greater support and/or withdrawal than others will. MID students, like all students, demonstrate their own strengths and weaknesses. Depending on the educational jurisdiction, criteria for MID will often state that the child is functioning approximately 2-4 years behind or 2-3 standard deviations below the norm or have an IQ under 70-75. An intellectual disability may vary from mild to profound. How Are MID Students Identified? Depending on the education jurisdiction, testing for MID will vary. Generally, a combination of assessment methods is used to identify mild intellectual disabilities. Methods may or may not include IQ scores or percentiles, adaptive skills cognitive tests in various areas, skills-based assessments, and levels of academic achievement. Some jurisdictions will not use the term MID but will use mild mental retardation. (see note above.) Academic Implications of MID Students with MID may demonstrate some, all or a combination of the following characteristics: 2 to 4 years behind in cognitive development which could include math, language, short attention spans, memory difficulties and delays in speech development.Social relationships are often impacted. The MID child may exhibit behavior problems, be immature, display some obsessive/compulsive behaviors and lack the understanding of verbal/nonverbal clues and will often have difficulty following rules and routines.Adaptive skills, everyday skills for functioning, may be compromised. These children may be clumsy, use simple language with short sentences, have minimal organization skills and will need reminders about hygiene, such as washing hands, brushing teeth (life skills). etc.Weak confidence is often demonstrated by MID students. These students are easily frustrated and require opportunities to improve self-esteem. Lots of support will be needed to ensure they try new things and take risks in learning.Concrete to abstract thought is often missing or significantly delayed. This include s the lacking ability to understand the difference between figurative and literal language. Best Practices Use simple, short, uncomplicated sentences to ensure maximum understanding. Repeat instructions or directions frequently and ask the student if further clarification is necessary.Keep distractions and transitions to a minimum.Teach specific skills whenever necessary.Provide an encouraging, supportive learning environment that will capitalize on student success and self-esteem.Use appropriate program interventions in all areas where necessary to maximize success.Use alternative instructional strategies and alternative assessment methods.Help the MID student develop appropriate  social skills to support friend and peer relationships.Teach organizational skills.Use behavior contracts, and reinforce positive behavior if necessary.Ensure that your routines and rules are consistent. Keep conversations as normal as possible to maximize inclusion with peers. Teach the difference between literal/figurative language.Be patient! Assist with coping strategies.

Narrative Therapy, Developed By Michael White And David Epson

Narrative Therapy, developed by Michael White and David Epson during the 1980s, is a way for the client to separate themselves from the problem they are experiencing. The person is not the problem; the problem is the problem. As part of the therapy, the client becomes the narrator of his or her life story. Each experience the client has in their lives becomes part of his/her story, a chapter. Created to be collaborative, the client becomes the narrator and learns that they have the skills to make change in their lives. The therapist is merely a guide. Michael White, born and raised in Australia, is known as the founder of narrative therapy and for his significant contribution to psychotherapy and family therapy, which have been a source of techniques adopted by other approaches. He was particularly known for his work with children and Indigenous Aboriginal communities, as well as with schizophrenia, anorexia/bulimia, men’s violence, and trauma. He graduated in 1979 with a degr ee in social work began his work as a family therapist and psychiatric social worker in a children’s hospital and in 1983 founded the Dulwich Centre in Adelaide, Australia. White was also the author of several books of importance in family therapy and narrative therapy. His writings have been published in Danish, Spanish, Japanese, Swedish, Italian, German, Chinese, Finnish, French and Portuguese. He continued to be associated with Dulwich Centre until his death in 2008 while in San Diego, where heShow MoreRelatedThe Integration Of Cognitive Behavioural And Narrative Therapy3473 Words   |  14 Pages Case Report 5: The integration of Cognitive-behavioural and Narrative therapy in a CAMHS referral for OCD Theory Based Report Word Count: 3,000 Candidate Number: V47 Date: October 16, 2014 Consent was not sought for this report. All names used in this report have been changed in order to preserve confidentiality. Introduction Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by an individual experiencing intrusive thoughts, images, or worries in addition to repetitive

Fashion Industry Free Essays

Essay question: Does the fashion industry exist mainly to persuade people to spend money on things they do not need? In my opinion,the fashion industry do not not exist mainly to persuade people to spend money on things they do not need. Everybody is free to decide if they want to spend money on fashion or not. First of all, we have to understand: what is fashion industry? With its beginnings in the late 17th century, the fashion industry is a globalized sector that works to meet the demand for apparel and dictates the trends for what should be worn. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now This industry consists of five distinct and separate levels. These levels are haute couture, luxury wear, affordable luxury wear, mainstream clothing, and discount clothing. The production part of the industry, that which takes the concept for a piece of apparel all the way to the hands of those who purchase it, is made up of four basic sectors. These sectors include producers of the goods necessary to make the apparel, those who create the pieces, those who advertise and market the goods, and those who sell the goods. According to the concept of fashion industry, we realize that the fashion industry based on man’s demand to exist. The demand is higher so the fashion industry is higher too. The market is government by the law of supply and demand. That is why we can not agree with the essay question. In the society, there are many living standards. People who live in or below poverty line they use mainstream clothing, and discount clothing. People who have high living standard they can spend money on haute couture, luxury wear, affordable luxury wear whatever they think its suitable with their pocket. Some people look at fashion as another form of artistic expression, and as a way to allow people to express their individuality. Without the fashion industry, we wouldn’t have a field of business where first a person can create unique forms of apparel, and then be able to sell them to those who want to do more with their clothes than just to protect from weather or prevent public indecency. And the fashion industry is like any other businesses. A business needs sales to stay afloat, so they will do whatever they can to convince a person to buy more, whether that’s through advertisement, or sales promotion. That does not automatically make a business evil. Corruption and greed are what make a business evil. If simply wanting sales made a business evil, why are not businesses in the food industry under hot water? Restaurants try to get people to eat food they really do not need; most people have food at home already. Businesses are businesses. They need to make their profits and earn a living. But that does not mean the sole existence of a business is to just make money. Same goes for businesses in the fashion industry. Not all of it is about spending excess amounts of money on luxury items. Without the fashion industry, we would not have apparel for separate events, like work or a party. We would not have special apparel that make us feel confident and boost our attractiveness. And we would not have a fun way of expressing who we are as individuals, without using words. Furthermore, fashion can help you fit in with everyone. No one wants to follow a person who has a bad sense of fashion. i know that this sounds mean and shallow, but it’s true. This is the Real world! Also,when you go to school or work, the right uniform or clothes can make everyone recognise that you belong with them, this helps you fit in easily as well. Finally,Spending money on fashion it totally depends on the person. â€Å"FASHION† is there, to somewhat inspire people to feel and look good. However, we should also control ourselves on what our eyes sees, if you do not have the budget. In conclusion, the fasion industry exists because people need it. Not because it exists to persuade people to buy things that they do not really need. Again this may not be the way we want the world to be, but it is true for the real world. Ps:i would like to get some advices . My essay has many mistakes How to cite Fashion Industry, Papers Fashion Industry Free Essays Pakistani fashion industry has grown by leaps and bounds in last twelve to fifteen years. Many famous fashion designers are working in this field and contributing their work to the progress of the industry. With opening of the new institutes and fashion schools our industry has found new horizon with new talent pouring in. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now As Pakistani fashion industry has many talented and creative fashion designers. Every fashion designer has new and creative ideas which make them distinguish from each other.Famous Pakistani fashion designers names are Ammar Belal, Nomi ansari, karma, Lajwanti, khaddar, Asifa and Nabeel, Sobia Nazeer, HSY, Maria B, Bee jees and more. And I selected two designers for my case study, Ammar Bellal and Tazeen Hasan. Ammar Bellal is basically my inspiration in this case study; he is doing a lot of work on men’s wear. Like other Pakistani fashion designers he didn’t opt for bridle wear designing. And my 2nd selected designer Tazeen Hassan says† I design my cuts with people from real society in mind and not just models†.Her designs are very simple. She sells Pakistani women wear embroidered dresses,bridle dresses, kameez shalwar and lehnga chooli. Although Tazeen hasan is also working good and creating style and designs according to the Pakistani culture but I like Ammar Bellal most. Ammar Bellal’s success story is as follow. Ammar Bellal Ammar Belal started his career in 2003 with his street wear brand A B C D, which offered Basic casual wear with a quirky sense of design. [pic] Pakistani fashion designer Ammar Belal is son of khwaja Belal, a textile industry owner.Ammar is a famous Pakistani fashion designer. With in few years he established himself. This Pakistani fashion designer launched his high-end men’s wear store. Ammar is doing good work in the field of men’s wear. Collections by Ammar Belal Ammar has created many collections. Especially he is doing good work on men’s wear. In Pakistan he is the designer who is working on men’s wear instead of bridle wear. ABCD casual wear Ammar’s previously launched his ABCD casual wear line. This line catch the attention of the many, as many likes it very much. His collection helped him to gather good clientele. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] There is only a slight design factor incorporated in each garment that Ammar’s label ABCD produces. Men’s wear Ammar’s men wear includes †¢ Shoes †¢ Sunglasses †¢ Shirts †¢ Ties and others accessories [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Ammar felt that the local market seeks designs and quality with foreign fashion taste.After realizing these needs and wants of the local market he decided to launch a men’s wear store, with high quality and low price. Recent collection of 2010 Recently he launched his â€Å"king of Pop† collection, as the title suggests, inspired by Michael Jackson. More specifically, the â€Å"Thriller† era and subsequent punk rock look complete with zipping and studding detail for both men and women. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] His collection is symbolized through military style embroideries and various silhouettes. His collection ranges from casual and street wear to cocktail dresses and gowns Running Projects Ammar belal is also doing work on many projects including Ammar Belal men’s wear, ABCD, AS jeans, Sarah’s and ABCD Ethnic. Further he is also planning to make and international corporate empire. Awards His progressive approach t showcasing fashion through music videos and films has earned him various awards that include †¢ Best Emerging Designer (lux 2005) †¢ Best men’s wear Designer (Indus 2006) †¢ Best Pret Designer (Sunday 2008) †¢ Best English song (MTV/indus 2006)Apart from fashion designing Ammar has also performed in a film and released a music video. Ammar’s opinion about future of fashion industry At PFDE sunsilk fashion week 2010 in Lahore Ammar Belal said, â€Å"I am very excited to be a part of the fashion week in Lahore showcased my work with some of the finest designers in our country. I also believe that this is just the begi nning of Pakistan’s exposure to the international fashion scene. It was the learning experience for us and we as an industry have a long way to go after this initial step†.Ammar is very hopeful about the good future of the Pakistan industry as designers are showing their good talent and creative work. Conclusion I am very hopeful about the best future of Pakistan industry as new and talented designers are coming in this field, and industry has found new horizon on the sky of the fashion. Business of Pakistan fashion industry is going very good, as it ran well in the bad economic condition of international fashion industry.References www. Fashioncentral. com www. bargello. com www. meraforum. com www. scribd. com How to cite Fashion Industry, Papers

Manager Production free essay sample

GENDER Fewer differences between men and women that affect job performance. GENDER 1. Women are more willing to conform with authority. 2. Men are more aggressive and more likely to have expectations of success. 3. Women with pre-school children prefer part-time work, flexible work schedules, and telecommuting to accommodate family responsibilities. GENDER 4. No consistent male-female differences in: ? ? ? ? ? ? Problem solving ability Analytical skills Competitive drive Motivation Sociability Learning ability 5. Absenteeism – no significant differences. People in the workplace do identify more with  people like themselves so in some cases there may be opportunities given to people based on the fact that they are like their supervisor. RACE ETHNICITY †¢ People in organization may favor employees of their own race. †¢ On the basis of race people some times get lower ratings in interviews, paid less and promoted less frequently. †¢ Some scholars argue that it is not productive to discuss race for policy, biological, genetics and anthropological reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Manager Production or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page TENURE Tenure refers to the length of time people have been on the job and is tied to seniority. Recent evidence demonstrates a positive  relationship between seniority and job productivity. †¢ Tenure (work experience) appears to be a good predictor of employees productivity. †¢ Longer a person stays in a job, less likely to quit. TENURE †¢ In terms of both frequency of absence and turnover, tenure is the single most important explanatory variable. †¢ Past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior. †¢ Tenure and job satisfaction are positively related. †¢ Stable predictor of job satisfaction than chronological age. OTHER BIOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS 1. Religion †¢ May impact the workplace in areas of dress, grooming and scheduling Sexual Orientation †¢ Federal law does not protect against discrimination (but state or local laws may). †¢ Domestic partner benefits are important considerations. 3. Gender Identity †¢ Relatively new issue – transgendered employees. INTELLECTUAL ABILITY †¢ Ability defined as an individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks associated with the job. It is a current assessment of what one can do. †¢ Intellectual ability – are abilities needed to perform mental activities like, thinking, reasoning, problem solving etc. INTELLECTUAL ABILITY. Smart people generally earn more money and  attain higher levels of education. †¢ General Mental Ability (GMA) takes a look at overall intelligence and is generally recognized by researchers. †¢ Wonderlic Personnel Test is generally used as a quick measure of intelligence in the hiring/recruitment process. DIMENSIONS OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITY Number Aptitude Verbal Comprehension Memory Spatial Visualization Intellectual Ability Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning Perceptual Speed NUMBER APTITUDE †¢ Is the ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic. †¢ Will be effective in jobs requiring mathematical ability, such as an Accountant. VERBAL COMPREHENSION †¢ Verbal comprehension is the ability to understand what is read or heard and the relationship of words to each other. †¢ This ability will be helpful in jobs where the manager needs to understand policies in order to carry out their job tasks. PERCEPTUAL SPEED †¢ Perceptual speed is the ability to identify visual similarities and differences quickly and accurately. †¢ This particular ability is helpful when an employee needs to take in a lot of information and make decisions about the patterns, such as a Detective or Inspector. INDUCTIVE REASONING. Inductive reasoning is  present when an individual can identify a logical sequence in a problem in order to help find a solution. †¢ An employee who needs to make decisions about the future based on historical information will need this ability. DEDUCTIVE REASONING †¢ Deductive reasoning is the ability to use logic and assess the implications of the argument. †¢ When making choices between two different possible solutions to a problem, a manager would need to call upon their deductive reasoning skills. SPATIAL VISUALISATION. Spatial Visualization is when someone can imagine how an object would look if its position  in space was changed. †¢ An employee who needs to make decisions about office setup or interior design would need to have a high level of spatial visualization ability. MEMORY †¢ Memory is the ability to retain and recall past experiences. †¢ Individuals who need to act quickly in a situation, such as a paramedic or nurse, would need a significant degree of memory ability. INTELLEGENCE JOB SATISFACTION †¢ While intelligence is a big help in performing a job well, it doesn’t make people happier or more satisfied with their jobs. †¢ The correlation between intelligence job satisfaction is about Zero.